Who am I ? – Wheel of Life Cycle

The memoria of Venerable Chin Kung continues in many places and the chanting activities will continue for 49 days. In all his teaching, Venerable Chin Kung stresses that the biggest crisis of our era is not that of the economy, environment, or food, but the crisis of lost faith. Buddhism is not a religion, but education about life science. He said people become unethical, and commit crimes or misconduct because they are not aware of the law of cause and effect. We need to help people expand their consciousness about the importance of the karmic force that shapes our being.

One of the most fundamental concepts in Buddhism teaching is the twelve Links of Dependent Origination (or Dependent Arising, or Dependent Co-arising). The truth of the universe as Buddha taught us is that all things arise through causes and conditions, and that suffering arose from a twelve-step cycle he would later call the Twelve Links of Dependent Origination. Kudo to the great works from many sources putting out intuitive illustrations to make these complex subjects easier to understand. Below are some wonderful materials I found on the web and I will put their website links here whereever it is available.

Each link is the cause of the next link (effect). Though the links are numbered and are in order, the numbering could begin anywhere, because each link connects to all the other links.

Great articles by Sunnataram Forest Monastery about each of the 12 Links.

More details explanations for each of the 12 Links of Dependent Origination can be found here, and here, and here.

Thich Nhat Hanh, the great Zen master explains that it is easy to assume that Dependent Co-Arising is teaching on cause-and-effect: “that can be misleading, because we usually think of cause and effect as separate entities, with cause always preceding effect, and one cause leading to one effect. According to the teaching of Interdependent Co-Arising, cause and effect co-arise (samutpada) and everything is a result of multiple causes and conditions…” Below are some other ways to see the relations between the twelves links.

Amituofo! Venerable Chin Kung !

Our beloved Venerable Chin Kung, (in Chinese 净空法师)1927-2022, passed away in the early morning of July 26. He lives in the hearts of many people. His sixty years of service in disseminating wisdom for world peace is documented in this memoria.

I get to know about Venerable Jing Kung for the first time somewhere around 2014-2015 in the youtube program, listening to him illuminating Buddhist teaching, reminds me of the traditional teachings I got in my hometown’s old days when there were so many Buddhism temples and the unpretentious folks. I pledged in my mind to adhere to the teaching right there. It was also around that time, I started gradually to pick up my study of philosophy, astrology(deep psychology), and Buddhism. I attended many workshops, and group studies of Astrology(deep psychology), and Philosophy to try to understand the many puzzles and conflicts in our society as well as in my personal life. But eventually, it is in Buddhism that I found the solution to answer the dichotomy of duality, the Madhyamaka, and our life’s ultimate meaning.

Venerable Jing Kung taught me about the truth of the cosmos and our lives. He made me understand the essence of Buddhism teaching is to harmonize our relationship with each, the relationship with nature, and the relationship with gods and ghosts in other realms. He talked about the undividable intertwining between spiritual phenomenon and material phenomenon. He summarize the deep teaching of Buddhism in one phrase of “Namo Amitabha” from the Pure Land School perspective. (listen to his recital of Namo Amituofo and transfer the merits to the world). He especially taught me about forbearance and self-restraint. He taught about how karmic credit becomes our protector. He emphasized the study of the Amitayurbhavana-Sutra (Infinite Life Sutra) as our path to eternal liberation along the way of Pure Land School. The English-translated version of the sutra with commentary can be found here: Part 1/6, Part 2/6, Part 3/6, Part 4A/6, Part 4B/6, Part 5/6, Part 6/6.

There are certain stubbornness and bigotry in my makeup that prevent me from deepening my study of Buddhism teaching. To me, his sudden departure at a most sensitive time struck me with his unwavering support. Language can not describe the love he sent to the world. Dear Venerable Jing Kung, I learn to surrender because of your teaching!

To watch some of the ceremonies of Venerable Chin Kung’s memoria, here are some video clips: rituals of supporting chant for the first several hours, the ritual of short clips of covering casket, and the whole recording of covering casket, more mantra chantings, temple activities in tribute to Master Chin Kung in the short clip, as well as the long recording.

Speaking of emotional impacts, someone has just written a song dedicated to his tiredless works to guide many people to the right path of self-salvation – How Can We Do These Without You! 《不能没有您》

没有您 我不知道有阿弥陀佛
没有您 我不知道有西方极乐
没有您 我不知道可了脱生死
没有您 我不知道我堕在娑婆

不能没有您啊 师父
我的老慈父
生生世世 您不忍我受苦
不忍我堕在任何地狱处
生生世世 您悲悯地救拔
愿我出离轮回苦

不能没有您啊 师父
我的老慈父
生生世世 您慈爱地照顾
让我断恶 多修福
生生世世 您苦心地盼望
盼我放下万缘
放下万缘生净土

没有您 我不知道我为什么苦
没有您 我不知道我怎样得乐
没有您 我不知道我迷惑颠倒
没有您 我不知道我本来是佛

不能没有您啊 师父
我的老慈父
今生今世我牢记您的叮嘱
放下万缘 求生净土
今生今世我深信切愿
让佛号声声 佛号声声 心里住

不能没有您啊 师父
我的老慈父
今生今世我跟您的脚步
引领我回家的脚步
今生今世不再分开
跟您永远不再分开 不离寸步

不能没有您啊 师父
不能没有您啊 师父
不能没有您啊 师父
不能没有您啊 师父
我的老慈父
今生今世不再分开
跟您永远不再分开 不离寸步 
师父  师父  师父

What is Wrong With the United States?

As an outsider of politics or ideology and a person grown up in Asia, in the last 5-6 years, I frankly never experienced so many discords and media arguments in my life.  I feel like escaping someplace that can get away from all these squabbles.  Granted, the country is having its Pluto return opposing its natal Mercury, a transit Neptune in opposition to its natal Natune in the last 10 years, and now a transit Chiron returning against its natal Saturn and natal Juno (which is an asteroid symbolized committed equal partnership).  In addition, the baby boomers of this country, which represented at least 16 percent of the population (according to 2019 numbers) are also having their natal Pluto in Leo being opposed by the transit Saturn in Aquaria. Astrologically speaking, we are at the start of a very new cycle.  So this is a huge inflection point, for the country and for each of us individually.  

 Colloquial English idiom speaks about change being constant.    The Chinese slant says Fengshui take turns: thirty years river east and thirty years river west.  Buddhism talked about Impermanence.  Life is an ongoing journey for elevating our soul’s evolution.  Let us face reality and go with the flow of transformation.  

We humans all have a tendency to like being prosperous and dislike being poor, enjoy sunny days and dislike stormy weather, and delight in taking and aversion to giving.  Appreciate the comfort and loathe suffering.  But just as with so many things in life, there are ups so there are downs, there are left so there are right. there are roots so there is fruit, the duality of the nature of our world requires us to think more philosophically about the silver lining of the dark cloud, so speak.  Suffer and loss serves their meaning.  In the endless cycles of destruction and rebirth, we have all been there at some point in time.  Before he became a Buddha,  Shakyamuni had suffered a lot in many lives. He made a lot of mistakes, like all of us. He made himself suffer, and he made people around him suffer. Contrary to what most people think that there is nothing to gain from negativity ( here I mean unpleasant experience), the YinYang Symbol shows us that for every loss there is some gain on the other side, for every gain, there is some loss on the other side. Ultimately, nothing is really gained, and nothing is really lost if we see if your the perspective of energy.

On many levels, our country is experiencing unprecedented shock as we realize how our ideas and the social-political system had failed the test against reality.  However, this is not the first time.  We had this shock when John Kennedy was assassinated, we had this shock when Martin Luther King Jr. was assassinated, and We had this shock when Trappist monk and Theologian Thomas Merton, a groundbreaking leader who challenged the hypocrisies of our age and instead offered his meditations on the power of prayer,  and We had this shock when President Nixon announced the end of the Bretton Woods International Monetary System and replace it with the Fiat U.S dollar.  What we perceived as threatening/hostile circumstances are actually the echo of a series of choices we made decades earlier, and some much-needed adjustments we had rejected thus far.

2020 was a watershed.  On top of all the chaos of the pandemic, we had an outdated medical system that failed to meet the challenge of our era, and we have an economy that advocates heavily on consumerism to boost GDP and a private central bank that lives on a rent-seeking system of fractional banking.  As a result, the majority of the countrymen are wiped out by disaster Capitalism and suffer from high inflation caused by the energy shortage and supply chain reconfiguration.    But our agony was actually rooted much further, basically, we were trapped in neoliberalism – a fundamentally biased worldview of destructive individualism, secularism that denies the higher purpose of life and rejects the cause-effect spiritual path, and an attitude of exceptionalism toward highly differentiated crony capitalism that dismissal responsibility and tradition.  We have been so busy projecting our energy outside that we forget to look inside to ask for what we really need to lead a happy life. We had ambitiously asserted our ideology to the world, only to find decades later so many revolutions/coups/assassinations turned out to have unintended consequences and backfire on our higher purpose.  We have lived in our own lying for so long that we are not able to distinguish between delusion and reality.   It is not that our enemies did not had their share of problems, faults, and misjudgments, but for the purpose of our soul’s growth, we own to ourselves to do self-searching and introspection.

As we went through all the crises, we became more aware of the nature of interdependence (not co-dependence) in this world.  I was recently watching a documentary about Iran,  In one of the episodes it said, “Iran’s greatest enemy is the United States”; which naturally lead me to think, “who is United States’ greatest enemy?” and the question reminded me of the long list,    although I almost forgot about it the last 3-4 years with all the talking about the trade war with China.   And now with the Russia Ukraine war, the American media, and perhaps the media in the Western world all claimed that Russia invade Ukraine, but Professor Jeffery Sache, in an interview, said, cold war thinking remains very strong even today.  I do not quite agree with his point of view on climate-change, but his analysis of Ukraine’s Russian war is good for sharing with the countrymen.

In the 1990s when Soviet Union Gorbachev said we are going to have massive political reform; Sache advised giving Russia more help, “Help them?  Are you kidding?”  That was the kind of attitude the U.S government had towards the USSR.  Professor Jefferey Sache said he regards that as the underline deep source of our problem since then.The USA just wants to be in control, that is the kind of mentality that goes way back, it is American exceptionalism; It is the deep belief of many Americans, also at the top of the system, that the world is only safe if only American runs the show; Sache doesn’t share the view, he thinks other people don’t want to be run by outsiders; they want to run their own affairs, in a cooperative way,  therein lies the tension,  Everyday to now with this war we still hear: the US, leader of the free world, US, leader of the west; the US, leader of Nato, much American think, of course, that is the way, but what he said fell on deaf ears.

What we hear from the rhetoric from mainstream media in the USA, is that Putin is a Hitler, he has to stop, and we have to defeat him.  The man is crazy, living a dream world of Russian Imperialism.  There is no stopping him,  any agreement is to rip up a piece of paper.  Professor Sche said he lived through this kind of characterization, what we hear is not real, it is propaganda, and we should be negotiating.   Every decade there is a new Hitler we can not deal with.  Whether it was Vietnam,  Cambodia, Lao or Nicaragua, Iraq, or Syria, we are really good at this game of rhetoric.  Since Professor Sache is all over the world, virtually all the time speaking with world leaders, Professor Sache said what we hear is propaganda, not real.  We should be negotiating, actually, Biden refused to negotiate with Putin in 2021 because Putin raised a very specific set of points. One was the enlarged Nato,  and there was a chorus here in the USA saying that was herring, that was a phony issue.  But that was not fake, Sache said he had been in this issue since 1990 when the West promised Gorbachev that no nato enlargement.  We are liars.  The USA cheated and continued to do so, and Biden Adm refused to negotiate.  That is straightforward, except that was not the story that was told.  Then there is the question of Ukraine itself which is an ethnically divided country because there is a significant Russian minority.   Those are real issues by the way, although war is the answer to them in any sense.   But there was a very complicated, very difficult conflict where the USA was stirring the pot also, back in a decade ago and especially around 2014-2015, there were actually agreements reached for the area where the fighting is raging right now – the Don-bass region.   

Agreements were called the Minsk-I and Minsk-II.  They were signed by the Ukraine government.  Then Ukraine’s government said we don’t want to do those,  and when Putin says well what about the Minsk agreements?  He was shouted down or ignored.  Oh, they don’t exist, they were unfair, they were this, they were that.  But there were actually agreements.  Professor Sache said when he said this, he can only tell you how many emails he is going to get from Ukrainian Canadians, Ukrainian-American: Sache, are you crazy, what are you saying?  But the truth is, diplomacy is crucial if you’re going to avoid wars.  Signing agreements matters.  You can’t just walk away from them.  That is true of Russia, and it is true of Ukraine, it is true of the United States also.  We actually should be sitting down and negotiating.  All our media don’t discuss the substance of what this war is really about. Or what its roots are or even what its claims of Putin are.  Just say repeatedly he is Hitler, he is a madman.  He is out of control, there is nothing to do but defeat him.  that is our mantra, that kind of the mantra that can get us all killed if we do down this route.  Because it is false, and it’s extraordinarily dangerous.    Because like it or not, Russia had 1600 active nuclear warheads.  And we don’t even want to sit down to talk and shame our government for not having diplomacy with Russia.  At least sit, talk, discuss and explain.  We don’t do that, we just say victory victory victory on the battlefield.  Sache said he is not in for that because this is a very dangerous and unwise approach.
Professor Sache said, a peace agreement was on the table actually back at the end of March and then Ukraine walked away because the U.S told them to walk away.  We’re providing the weapons and the U.S, and even more, the U.K which is a more experienced empire than the U.S, which has a mindset even though it is long gone but still has an imperial mindset that is even more imperial than our mindset.  They said to Ukrainians: don’t negotiate, you don’t have to, just beat them, beat them on the field, so what was on the table at end of March was basically neutrality for Ukraine so that Nato and Russia wouldn’t be right up against the border with each other.  When you have two forces right up against each other, you are in a tripwire of nuclear war, we should have a zone where we’re apart, where there is some time to talk.  Some time to work out problems for deconfliction, but no, we wanted to be right up against the border.  But what Brzezinski said back at the end of March was neutrality, neutrality with guarantees.  Okay, what is a very valid one.   Point two was something on the Donruss.  Even though there were Minsk-I and Minsk-II, you can’t just walk away, you have to do something about them.

The third point is everybody on the inside acknowledges there is no answer is Crimea.  Because Crimea is a weird story of Russia’s seaport on the Black Sea – its naval base in Sverdlovsk, is so crucial for Russian security.  But Khrushchev in 1954 of what was then a completely symbolic gesture.  When Russia was administrative lines that were within an overall state.  he said, okay, we gift Crimea from Russia to Ukraine, it didn’t mean anything when there was a soviet army and soviet naval base and all the rest.   but after 1991, it certainly meant something, and what happened in 2014 was the pro-Russian President was overthrown.  Russia views that as the U.S instigated a coup.  There is something to that, and that is one of those things that the western media simply will not discuss and it’s so deeply hidden in classified documents, that may be in 50 years, someone will write a good book about Ukraine 2014 if we get to 50 years from now.   

In 2014, the Russian President Yanukovych was overthrown, at that moment, Putin seized Crimea and there was a referendum, hard to know much about it.  But Crimea became part of Russia.  Just say there are three things on the table: neutrality, the Donbas, and Crimea. Crimea, the basic answer was Okay, we continue to negotiate, it is a frozen conflict.  the Donbas something like the Minsk agreements,  and then the government of Ukraine walked away from this.  Even after reports that were close to an agreement, then we have our defense secretary and our state department which used to be diplomats, but now it’s warriors, saying we’re gonna defeat Russia, and so everything went away about the negotiations.  That is the long-winded answer to your question.  We weren’t so far from actually having a negotiated outcome.  And then Ukraine walked away under the instigation of the United States.

Maybe we should ask, why U.S government had so many enemies?   Without the propaganda and rhetoric of untruth from our government and media controlled by interest groups, we the people will not be this confused. Along the line of thought, how does it benefit the People of the United States and world peace with the murder of Soleimani, the Iran general? And how does it benefits the People of the United States and world peace when the government claims Jerusalem to be the capital of Israel?  How does it benefit the People of United States to had a historical lowest tax rate for the super rich when the wealthy 10 percent of population owns 89 percent of stock in USA? Federal Reserve data indicates that as of Q4 2021, the top 1% of households in the United States held 32.3% of the country’s wealth, while the bottom 50% held 2.6%.  In recent decades, wealth inequality has substantially increased in the United States.  From 1989 to 2019, wealth became increasingly concentrated in the top 1% and top 10% due in large part to corporate stock ownership concentration in those segments of the population; the bottom 50% own little if any corporate stock. From an international perspective, the difference in US median and mean wealth per adult is over 600.

Without those self-serving irresponsible policies from our government for the super riches, the United States may be able to have better usage of resources to provide better living conditions to its constituents? A better medical system, a better education system, a better economy? A narrowed gap of wealth? A more just and inclusive society? A better system to assist the immigrants from the Global south. And to align better our speech and actions with God’s will? To foster our spiritual growth and accumulate more good karma? Iran is a good example, and so does Turkey.

Sutra of Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva’s Fundamental Vows

Earth Store Bodhisattva or Kṣitigarbha Bodhisattva is one of the four Mahasattvas well known to the people in the East Asia. Earth Store Bodhisattva is famous for his Great Vow “I will not become a Buddha if the Hells are not empty.” Ksitigarbha Sutra is one of many Buddhist Sutras that every Buddhist recite at home or at the Buddhist temple. It is relatively easier to understand, and thus usually is used for beginner study of Buddhism.

In Ksitigarbha Sutra, Shakyamuni Buddha was preaching in the Heaven Thirty-Three to his mother. And this proclamation was about the Earth Store Bodhisattva. The Sutra tells the story of Earth Store Bodhisattva’s Great Vows; how in past life times as an Elder’s son, as a Brahman woman, as a King and as a filial daughter, he made vows to devote all future lives to saving being who suffer. Long known as the “Filial Bodhisattva” Earth Store speaks to the hearts of parents and women, comforts the aged and handicapped, and instructs us in the shadow times of life: sleep, death, child birth and life’s transitions: the havens, the hells, even the perilous journey between death and the next rebirth. Like a window opening into realms rarely dreamed of this scripture gives us comfort instruction, inspiration and wisdom. The base foundation we should build from learning Mahayana Buddhism is the Filial Piety. That’s the first lesson we should take. In the Eastern philosophy, it’s a natural thing to be filial to our parents.

You can listen to Ksitigarbha Sutra translated and published by the Buddhist Text Translation Society and published on the website of the City of Ten Thousand Buddhas. Even if you do not have time, just recite Mantra Hati Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva to make your life better : Om Po La Mo Ling Toning Soha .

There are many benefits occurred to read and recital Ksitigarbha Sutra. The following excerpt taken from Chapter 13 (last Chapter) of the Sutra give you a glimpse:

The Buddha told Bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara  , “Listen attentively, listen attentively! For now I shall tell you about those benefits one by one. In future times, any good men or good women who should see Ksitigarbha’s image and hear this Sutra and, furthermore, read and recite it, and who should also donate incense, flowers, drink, food, clothing and precious treasures as offerings, in addition to giving praise and making obeisance to Bodhisattva Ksitigarbha, will gain twenty eight kinds of benefits, namely:

1. Protection and mindfulness of devas and nagas;
2. Daily increase of virtuous fruition;
3. Accumulation of elevated and sacred causes;
4. Nonretrogression from path of Bodhi;
5. Affluence and abundant clothing and food;
6. Non-occurence of diseases;
7. Non-occurence of the calamities of flood or fire;
8. No harassment by robbery and thievery;
9. Admiration and respect of all persons one encounters;
10. Aid and support of deities and demons;
11. Transformation of the female body into the male body at rebirth;
12. Being a royal minister’s daughter if reborn as a female;
13. Possession of a dignified and graceful form;
14. Frequent rebirth in the heaven-realms;
15. Sometimes becoming an emperor or a king;
16. Possession of the miraculous power of knowing one’s previous lives;
17. All prayers will be answered;
18. Delight and happiness for the members of one’s family;
19. Elimination of all unexpected and unpleasant happenings;
20. Permanent eradication of the karmic ways of life;
21. Always passing through safely wherever one travels;
22. Always feeling safety and delight in one’s dreams;
23. Elimination of suffering for one’s departed ones;
24. Rebirth on the strength of previous bliss;
25. Praises by the Holy Ones;
26. Possession of clever wit and healthy organs;
27. Fullness of mercy, pity and compassion;
28. Ultimate attainment of Buddhahood “

Creative Solution for Economic Crisis – Case Study of Sri Lanka

Listening to BeiQi’s Youtube program conjures up ideas to use financing for constructive usage. Currently many global south countries were among the most damaged economies by the raging inflation globally, the slow down in business activities and hazardous health conditions of Covid-19 impact. Sri Lanka is one of the most striking case in point. This island country had experienced unprecedented social political crisis in the recent years. On the other hand, the developed countries have tons of capital looking for good investments. As a global village, maybe this is a good opportunity to negotiate win-win negotiation.

Contrary to the impression of accused corruption, the chart reveal the President and government are the underneath factor for stabilization. Despite the circumstances, Sun(representing the President and Government) conjunct Saturn(execution, organize, planning, effort) situated next to the MC at the top of the chart are highly involving many aspects of the natal and progressive chart as well as the cosmos vibration of the moment(the out most transit ring). The Saturn being the North Node ruler, have a grand trine with the natal Moon and natal Pluto denoting a high level of social coherency and power. The current Sri Lanka President and Parliament are fighting a uphill battles together with their countrymen(the natal Moon at 26 degree of Virgo conjuct natal Pluto at 29 Virgo) .

There are tremendous pressure to integrate idealism into reality(Opposition of Sun/Saturn to natal Neptune) by deploy methodology, process, techniques(Tip of T-square represented by Asc at 7-8 degree of Virgo) . The country will uphold their spirituality (natal/progressive Neptune) as their driving force(progressive Mars at 8 degree of Leo) for the positive changes to come. This is a country that will radiate tremendous spiritual power to light up the world as the time progress.

As shown above, according to the news, Sri Lanka run into financial difficulty. All the loans they have came from third world countries and China. But they have built beautiful airport, hospital in addition to very nice port and tons of natural resources. In U.S. we have tons of capitals looking for good investment, maybe this is a great project for collaboration and constructive use of high finance? Maybe loan in the form of U.S government to Sri Lanka Government, with the condition to share the profits. With U.S Government in 30+ Trillion debt, maybe we can do some projects like these to gain income for paying off the debt? just an idea.

Wheels of Fire: The Buddha’s Radical Teaching on Process

While metaphysics investigates the fundamental nature of reality and ponders what exists, epistemology asks how we can even know what exists. Do our experiences truly grant us access to ‘reality’? Can our judgement of the world be justified? From Socrates declaring all he knows is that he knows nothing, Descartes worrying if the world around us is real, John Locke insisting there is no such things as innate knowledge, through to the more technical arguments of the modern day around whether evidence can rationally constrain or inform our beliefs: philosophers throughout the ages have endlessly debated questions around our capacity for and access to knowledge. These issues remain central to both continental and analytic philosophy, in phenomenology and the philosophy of mind, respectively. Western philosophers have struggled to comprehend the nature of consciousness and how it fits into a larger picture of the world.

The origin of the modern concept of consciousness is often attributed to Locke’s Essay Concerning Human Understanding, published in 1690. Locke defined consciousness as “the perception of what passes in a man’s own mind”. His essay influenced the 18th-century view of consciousness, and his definition appeared in Samuel Johnson’s celebrated Dictionary (1755).  “Consciousness” (French: conscience) is also defined in the 1753 volume of Diderot and d’Alembert‘s Encyclopédie, as “the opinion or internal feeling that we ourselves have from what we do”. In the late 20th century, philosophers like Hamlyn, Rorty, and Wilkes have disagreed with Kahn, Hardie and Modrak as to whether Aristotle even had a concept of consciousness. Aristotle does not use any single word or terminology to name the phenomenon; it is used only much later, especially by John Locke.  Caston contends that for Aristotle, perceptual awareness was somewhat the same as what modern philosophers call consciousness. These confusions are in a large degree caused by the lacking of practices with deep mind focused introspection in the tradition of western culture. As a result, western society so far remain perplexed with the concept of “What is our true self“.

Spiritual teacher Krishnamurti once said, “We are facing a tremendous crisis; a crisis which the politicians can never solve because they are programmed to think in a particular way – nor can the scientists understand or solve the crisis; nor yet the business world, the world of money. The turning point, the perceptive decision, the challenge, is not in politics, in religion, in the scientific world; it is in our consciousness. One has to understand the consciousness of mankind, which has brought us to this point.” Socrates, the Greek Philosopher who had a solid feeling of ethics and laws, once expressed, “An unexamined life is not worth living.” For one to find the reason and work of his life, this statement emphatically asks one to examine himself first and after that others in the society to find the meaning and happiness of life.

With these line of thought in mind, I want to share with you the article Wheels of Fire: The Buddha’s Radical Teaching on Process by long time Buddhist practitioner Lila Kate Wheeler . In this article, she talked about how Buddha define consciousness, and how Buddhism teaching has merged into the Western philosophical thoughts in the last one hundred fifty years. She wrote in such clarity about Buddhism teaching in the context of a westerner, offering a much needed bowl of chicken soup for the soul transformation in a time of many social crisis.

I think, therefore I am? 3

Human consciousness is the awareness or perception of something by a person. The Sixth Patriarch of Zen, Huineng taught us that the essence of mind is Consciousness. And Consciousness is characterized as no birth no death, no increase nor decrease, neither clean nor filthy, as defined in the famous Heart Sutra.

As legend has it, Huineng was a poor, illiterate young man from southern China who was selling firewood when he heard the customer reciting the Diamond Sutra, and he had an awakening experience. Following the customer’s lead, Huineng set out to search for enlightenment in Monastery, and started the journey of self discovery and actualization. The fifth Patriarch noticed Huineng’s exceptional gift. Several months after Huineng’s arrival, Hongren challenged his monks to compose a verse that expressed their understanding of the dharma. If any verse reflects the truth, Hongren said, the monk who composed it will receive the robe and bowl and become the Sixth Patriarch.

Shenxiu (Shen-hsiu), the most senior monk, accepted this challenge and wrote this verse on a monastery wall.

The body is the bodhi tree.
The heart-mind is like a mirror.
Moment by moment wipe and polish it,
Not allowing dust to collect.

When someone read the verse to the illiterate Huineng, the future Sixth Patriarch knew Shenxiu had missed it. He knew it did not express the essence of true nature. So Huineng dictated the following verse for another to write for him:
Bodhi originally has no tree,
The mirror(-like mind) has no stand.
Buddha-nature (emptiness/oneness) is always clean and pure;
Where might dust collect?

While Shenxiu explanation is applicable to earlier stage of practice, for the laymen, beginner and intermediate level of practitioner, Huinengs poem illuminate the ultimate meaning of the mind, and so is the best commentary to answer the question about “what is the essence of mind”. This can be understood as advocating the sudden awakening to emptiness/oneness. It was a masterpiece that revealed the transient and illusory nature of everything. Shenxiu used the bodhi tree as a metaphor for the body, so Huineng pointed out that bodhi — the enlightenment of the soul — was not dependent on the body. It is the spiritual self that experiences the awakening to a greater reality. The physical self is only a temporary means for us to journey through the material world, and work toward that awakening.

Shenxiu compared the soul to a mirror, and the mind as the stand holding it, so Huineng pointed out that this, too, was not the ultimate truth. The soul is your true self, and it is eternally constant. The mind, like the body, is a tool created by the soul for the purpose of perfecting itself. This is why your mind is always changing — learning new things, evolving various ideas, and so on — but no matter how much it changes, you are still you. This “you-ness” that never changes is your true self, and it does not depend on the constantly changing states of your mind.

In the clarity of Huineng’s view, we can see that all the temptations and distractions of the world are just as illusory as the body and the mind. The difficulties we face may be challenging and exhausting, but they cannot last forever. Similarly, all the things we chase after — money, material possessions, fame and fortune — become completely meaningless when we die. Huineng said “nothing’s there initially” because none of it is real compared to the true self.

Oneness is the idea that everything in the universe is interconnected.  Therefore the idea of being separate from the matter we can see around us is considered an illusion.  This point of view is mirrored in science in a phenomenon in wave mechanics called quantum entanglement. This relationship connects both particles so that whatever happens to one particle is reflected by the other particle instantaneously, irrespective of time and space.  This experiment implies that everything we see or experienced has one single interconnected source.  Again modern science proved the truth of the universe simply captured in the Buddhist belief.

I think, therefore I am? 2

According to Buddha, there are three factors created life: in addition to the female having the ripened egg, that ripened egg meet up with the sperm from the male world which is conception – conception is the making of physical body. Buddha pointed out to us there is this third factor – the rebirth consciousness entering the womb. The Noble Great Vehicle Sūtra “The Teaching to Venerable Nanda on Entry into the Womb” ( Āyuṣmannanda­garbhāvakrānti­nirdeśa ) has revealed to us that Buddha was able to describe vividly the whole process of pregnancy to baby delivery in great detail some two thousands years ago without the aid of any modern equipment. Buddha told us that our physical body is only the holder of our true self – mind. And essence of mind is consciousness.

Basically while a man and a woman are having sexual activity, up there somewhere a lot of rebirth consciousness are out there in the open air ready to step into the womb of a mother, wanting to reincarnate.   The energy attraction is based on their previous life affinity, related somehow together either positively or negatively connected to the father and mother. Buddha’s teaching validated Freud’s theory about mother complex and father complex.

Most people got no memory whatsoever about our previous life, but there are some extreme cases. Christian Sundberg, a case in point, had pre-birth experience and incarnation memory. He has presented at over 80 public speaking events to remind others in at least a small part of who we all really are beneath the human “play”.

Also there are tons of evidences of people who remember their past life. Ian Stevenson, a Professor of Psychiatry from University of Virginia,  who was initially skeptical about the whole idea  and later turn into an advocate after 40 years of near-death experience researches.  Today, his successor Bruce Grayson, Professor Emeritus of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences at the University of Virginia, is one of the world’s leading experts on the science. Grayson had spoke about how the brain does not equal the mind, and how near death experiences can contribute to knowledge about the mind-body connection.

So this body of ours is the servant to the mind. What is the relationship of mind and Consciousness? Indian Hindu sage Ramana Maharshi put it succinctly: “Mind is consciousness which has put on limitations. You are originally unlimited and perfect. Later you take on limitations and become the mind.” What exactly is consciousness? Consciousness has no religion, no belief or ideology, no gender, no sexuality, no race, no age and no nationality. More exactly, Swami Sarvapriyananda at IIT Kanpur beautifully explained it from Hinduism perspective. He also explained about how consciousness relate to Moksha as taught by the Veda. Another … to be continued

I think, therefore I am?

We’ve been taught to think of consciousness as the product of brain activity. To Descartes, this activity was the final proof of existence. He famously said that ” I think, therefore I am.” He was wrong. It isn’t thought that produces awareness. It is awareness that produces thought.

J. Donald Walters wrote in his book Awaken to Super-consciousnessHow to Use Meditation for Inner Peace, Intuitive Guidance, and Greater Awareness, “Descartes’s explanation was the product of an essentially Western bias: that rational thought is the best, if not the only, key to understanding. Since the time of the Greeks, this bias has been firmly entrenched. And because of it, it is not surprising that scientists nowadays view computers, and the similarities between them and the way the brain works, as evidence that consciousness itself is the product of computer-like activity in the brain. They define thought as a pattern of electrons, merely, moving through a circuit of brain cells. “

Walters took the example of having a computer to reproduce, by a random selection of words, some great work of literature, such as the Bible. Conceivably, after a few billion, trillion, or zillion tries it might get all of the words right, and in the right sequence. But the result would have no more literary value than random patterns of clouds in the sky, which may fleetingly resemble mountain ranges, houses, or human faces before moving on to assume other shapes. The only way for this process to become meaningful would be for someone consciously to recognize what the computer had done and to stop the process in time.

In this way, Walters demonstrated Descartes’ view is a fallacy. The truth is Consciousness is not the product of brain activity, rather, it is the fundamental reality without which thinking as a conscious activity could never take place. Scientists have came to the same conclusion as Donald Walters. In fact, there is a striking parallel that exists between Quantum Physics and how human mind functions as revealed in the Eastern philosophies like Buddhism.  Heisenberg, one of the key pioneers of Quantum mechanics had this to say,  “What we observe as nature is not nature itself, but nature exposed to our method of questioning.” In other words, what we observe as reality is only what our lens of observation has defined. A famous experiment in Quantum Physics called double slip indicated particles’  behavior were dependent on whether or not these particles were being observed.  When not observed, supposed particles took up wave-like behavior, demonstrating a state of infinite potential.  However when observed, the particles took up well-defined locations, acting as solid matter. This clearly validated the Buddhist teaching that what you see is only a result of what you think, in other words, our perception defines our reality. 

The latest computer technology Artificial intelligence (AI) is defined as the ability of a computer or a robot controlled by a computer to do tasks that are usually done by humans because they require human intelligence and discernment.  It was founded as an academic discipline in 1956 and has since received mammoth amount of resources for R&D. As the experiments indicated above, Buddhist monks may not be the best scientists, but what we hold today as revolutionary ways of scientific breakthrough is no news to the Buddhas who have studied these things for millennia.