What in American Dream That Delude the People ? 1 James Baldwin: History is Literally Presetn in All That We Do

James Baldwin was an much accomplished American writer. He garnered acclaim across various mediums, including essays, novels, plays, and poems. He once said: “History, as nearly no one seems to know, is not merely something to be read. And it does not refer merely, or even principally, to the past. On the contrary, the great force of history comes from the fact that we carry it within us, are unconsciously controlled by it in many ways, and history is literally present in all that we do. ” He made a good point. But we shall also bear in mind that the past is meant to be learned from, not held onto and used as a weapon.

In this short video clip asking the question of Why Is This History Of Slavery Hidden In Schools? Dr. Thomas Sowell, an American author, economist, political commentator, social theorist who does not affiliate with any party, so erudite, open and knowledgeably pointed out that he had ” study slavery in various parts of the world, and various times of history, the sad fact is that slavery has been a universal institution for thousands of years as far back as you can trace human history. And what we’re looking at is if slavery is something that happened to One race of people in one country when in fact the spread of it was around the world. Right in 1776 when Adam Smith published the Wealth of Nation as well as when the United States just got started, he said that Western Europe is the only place in the world where there is no slavery…. if you are going to have reparations for slavery, it is going to be the greatest transfer of wealth back and forth and cross hauling the number of whites who were enslaved in North Africa by the Barbary Pirates exceeded the number of Africans enslaved in the United States, and in the American colonies before that put together. But no one will bother to North Africa to ask for reparations as they know that no one there is going to be fool enough to give it to them.”

Big applause for Dr. Sowell. Some of the audience commented that if we lived in a sane society this man would be president; and that “Amazing how so many point out injustices in their own country but develop total Amnesia about the rest of the world.” Just see what is going on in Middle East and the Russia Ukraine War. All these propaganda are controlled by the Plutocracy to undermine true democracy. But there are people of integrity who went out of way to speak of truth, Professor Sachs is another respectful intellect. “We Are a Plutocracy”: Jeffrey Sachs Slams Biden for Offering to Preserve Trump’s Corporate Tax Cuts. John MacArthur is another: Why Evil Leaders Exist.

Another example is Carolyn Baker’s Sacred Demise: Walking the Spiritual Path of Industrial Civilization’s Collapse. She asked how did we arrive where we are now: American society dominated by corporations and their interests, an economy based on war and the weapons industry, trillions of dollars missing from federal government agencies, the annihilation of our civil liberties and the shredding of the U.S. Constitution, the dumbing-down of America and the reduction of our educational system to the lowest common denominator, Peak Oil-the best-kept secret in America, and the polarization of economic prosperity and quality of life? By connecting the dots between current events and their ultimate roots, Carolyn Baker provides a perspective that assists the reader in navigating America’s precarious present and its faltering future.

《太上感应篇》告诉我们:“祸福无门,惟人自召; 善恶之报,如影随形。” 祸兮福之所倚,福兮祸之所伏。

Henry Ford famously said, “It is well enough that people of the nation do not understand our banking and monetary system, for if they did, I believe there would be a revolution before tomorrow morning.” In a era when Plutocracy control the media and brain wash people, it is quite exceptional to see such honesty intellectuals like Thomas Sowell, Jeffrey Sach, John McArthur, and Carolyn Baker, who got out of their way to speech of truth.

From my perspective, what is absolute truth? Shakyamuni Buddha’s teaching, Confusias teachings are among some of the absolute truth I am so gratefully received.

How The Ancient Chinese Philosophy Can Lend Wisdom to Modern Predicament 中国古代哲学智慧对现代社会的启发 3 东方的天人感应 和有和笛卡尔的二元论的区别

I have not study enough to have in-depth knowledge about Western Civilization and its philosophy. So I may get to much into generalization when calling Western Civilization itself as the root cause of our modern social problems. But I do not made such a postulation without some bases. To the minimum, I do find a striking difference in ancient Eastern Philosophy (at least Ancient Chinese Philosophy and Hinduism ) versus modern prevalent western mainstream thoughts. And we can not deny there are elements of Western Civilization, at the trunk level of philosophical thoughts that brings the chaos of our modern malaria.

Non-duality is the common theme of the three different systems of ancient eastern philosophy: Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism. In summary is the teaching of ONE, the yoga (unity) of human with the universe, the resonates of Heaven, Earth and Human. (天人感应)。 Human body is the miniature universe, and universe is the cosmic version of human body; 宇宙是大人身,人身是小宇宙。 Thus Confucianism say: 吾道一以贯之; Buddhism upholds:一真法界;三界唯心,万法唯识;Taoism’s maxim: 一生二 (天地),二生三 (天地人),三生万物 (生生不息的循环); 无极生太极,太极生两极,两极生四象,四象生八卦.

René Descartes is often credited with being the “Father of Modern Philosophy.” This title is justified due both to his break with the traditional Scholastic-Aristotelian philosophy prevalent at his time and to his development and promotion of the new, mechanistic sciences. Descartes is also often called The Father of Dualism, due to his proposing the theory of substance dualism, or Cartesian dualism. Dualism is a theory which entails the belief that the mind and the body are two completely separate substances. His most famous quotes: ” I think, therefore I am.” has influenced the western mind for the last 500 years, and still grip a strong holds today in many disciplines of science and technology, as well as social psyche and political /economic issues. This metaphysical view had limited the development of western consciousness. I have talked about this in a series articles argue about the fallacies in his reasoning: I think, therefore I am ? Part 1, Part 2, Part 3.

When we are physically sick, we need to seek doctors and take medicine; when we are psychologically sick, we need to do reflection and self introspection; and when we go astray and get lost, we need to study/analyze map to see where we get off the main road. We should learn to take responsibility for our own problems and mistakes, rather than blame on others for our lagging. To that point, Confucius said, one out of three person can be my teacher. (三人行必有我师。) He emphasized the important virtue of modesty and learning from each other. As mortals, no one can avoid mistake and wrong doing, so he kept on stressing the common-sense of correcting mistakes in the journey of self cultivation. How do we get awareness? We learn from others and do self observation. If we do not have self conscience, we can bogged down deeper and deeper. 子曰:“过而不改,是谓过矣。” 人非圣贤、孰能无过。其实,圣贤不过是高明一些的人,也会犯错误。像孔子这样的圣人,还说过“丘也幸,苟有过,人必知之”,可见他也是犯过错误的。圣人尚且如此,普通大众更是在所难免。但是孔子很重视改过,并多次谈及这一问题。在《学而》篇中,孔子说:“过,则勿惮改。” 也就是说,犯错并没有什么可怕的,关键是如何对待错误。这个态度非常重要,它关系到我们是在错误中成长,还是在错误里沉沦的问题。

Take the example of native American Indian tribe’s culture and tradition, their culture to acting in align with heaven and earth is something the western white culture should learn to appreciate. Since the Columbus discovery of the new continent, the westerner tend to believe in the superiority of their white western cultures and look down Native American Indians as need to assimilate to the western way ( to simply “civilize” the Native Americans). . As such the western conquerors savagely treated the native American Indians. The Trail of Tears not only took place in the early American history, It is still happening today. A century of trauma at U.S. boarding schools for Native American children told us the tears today. American Indian Boarding Schools Haunt Many!

With those horror stories of hippocratic, how can we explain to the world American democracy and universal value of equality? The rational thinking and intuitions fall apart! What we communicate to the world is at discord to what we feel at gut level.

How The Ancient Chinese Philosophy Can Lend Wisdom to Modern Predicament 中国古代哲学智慧对现代社会的启发 2 儒家政治伦理思想面临的生存困境

Modern people tend to believe in the notion of end justify the means. As long as they can get what they want, they do not care so much about the process. This approach can be traced back to Machiavelli’s The Prince《君主论》which published in 1532, the period of early European Renaissance. An early version of the manuscript was written in 1513 initially as an offering to the Medici family. Machiavellianism characterizes in pragmatism, a cold-blooded human relations and a totally dismiss of the ethical value in human conducts.

In the last five hundred years, Renaissance Man have been acclaimed as specifically the rebirth of reason, the liberation of man’s mind, the triumph of rationality over mysticism—a faltering, incomplete, but impassioned triumph that led to the birth of science, of individualism, of freedom. Finally even the birth of United States of America is a direct result of Renaissance development . The side effect of the Renaissance as we can all observe today are far reaching, among them are the separation of mind and body, the separation of spirit and material, the separation of nature and human, the exploitation and pollution of nature to fulfill Man’s desire, the beaten of human spirit, the rise of evil, the debasement of social bonding and ethics , and the extreme misuse of resources, etc.

The Renaissance represented a rebirth of the Aristotelian spirit. The great corollary of these results, the product of men who were armed with the knowledge of the scientists and who were free at last to act, was the Industrial Revolution, which turned poverty into abundance and transformed the face of the West. The Aristotelianism released by Aquinas and the Renaissance was sweeping away the dogmas and the shackles of the past. Reason, freedom, and production were replacing faith, force, and poverty. The age-old foundations of statism were being challenged and undercut.

In terms of its morality, the Renaissance was split in two: it was part-Aristotelian, part-Christian. As Aristotelians, the men of the Renaissance displayed the virtues of intelligence and pride, and pursued the value of happiness on earth. As Christians, they upheld the virtues of humility, renunciation and self-sacrifice, and the value of rewards in Heaven. Thus the existentially brilliant era of the Renaissance was marred, spiritually, by a profound moral conflict.

In the sphere of political philosophy, to this day, the market places are mainly occupied by the view of “separation of church and state”, the historic progress doctrine and moral relativism. Confucianism is the square opposite of Machiavellian-ism. It is main content is based on “courtesy”, “people-oriented”, “golden mean middle-way”, “harmony”, and last but not all “loyalty and filial piety”. Confucianism is ethics standard at the absolute sense.

The modern value systems had caused a total disorientation in the mind of modern people as the striking number of mental disorder drastically jumps up as #1 modern disease. At the same time, the prevailing mentality also poses a dilemma to the revival of the Confucian political ethics. It is thus of practical necessity to deconstruct the modern consciousness and restore the dialogue and reconciliation between the classical and the modern thoughts to recover the benefits of Confucian political ethics. This assessment was strongly emphasized in Leo Strauss’ book History of Political Philosophy, which can be looked upon as a survey of the best of western thought.  Leo Strauss was one of the preeminent political philosophers of the twentieth century. He was known for his close careful deep reading of classic Western Civilization philosophic texts. Combining Leo Strauss’ philosophical view with that of Confucianism can give the modern people a more holistic understanding of what is truth.

武汉大学学报刊登的徐红林的文章《儒家政治伦理思想架构及其现代价值》对当代人重新恢复古典人文教育做了提纲挈领的总结。 很值得反思。提要如下:

现代语境下儒家政治伦理思想面临的生存困境:

首先是现代主义主张政教分离。现代主义用政治现实主义取代古典德性政治的理想主义传统,用功利政治和工具理性取代德性政治和道德—实践理性。如此,则使得儒家政治伦理思想与现代政治意识之间存在着内在的紧张性。现代政治意识的始作俑者是马基雅维利,马基雅维利在人类历史上第一次提出君主为了实现政治目的可以采取不道德的政治手段,从而打破了道德对政治的束缚,开启了政治现实主义和现代政治意识的滥觞。

其次是现代人的历史主义观点。历史主义实际上表现为一种历史进步主义的观点,即今人较古人认识问题更为全面和进步,所以对待古典文化和思想我们应采取批判性的态度。历史主义表现了现代人的狂妄、无知和自负,历史主义反对为任何学术建立绝对的形而上学的标准,强调社会背景和历史条件对政治思想的决定性,从而导致了一种历史相对主义的立场。相对主义用社会的普遍承认取代了古典德性政治的“至善”理念,从而使现代政治道德只剩下古典时代遗留下来的一些碎片,最终导致了萨特等存在主义者所归结的道德虚无主义。代表历史主义的经典作家有黑格尔和马克思等。黑格尔认为人类历史的发展是从不完美走向完美的过程,而完美的国家形态就是德意志国家。马克思的历史唯物主义则认为,人类历史是生产力对生产关系、经济基础对上层建筑的决定和互动的过程,最终对历史的发展起决定性作用的是生产力。由于生产力是不断发展的,所以人类历史经历了原始社会、奴隶社会、资本主义社会和社会主义社会的不断进步的螺旋式上升过程,而历史的发展必将实现共产主义。

最后是现代人的道德相对主义观点。古典政治伦理具有一元性和绝对性的特点,倡导一种形而上学的道德观。古代的东方社会形成了一种以宇宙为中心的世界观,而西方社会则形成了以神学为中心的世界观。但是现代人的道德相对主义则解构了这两种世界观,并最终导致道德的多元主义和虚无主义。比如存在主义者海德格尔认为存在先于本质,即此在在被抛掷到这个世界之前,并不存在任何先验的道德,此在的生存并不受某种绝对道德的束缚,而是应该遵从此在的良心和内在自由来自我判断此在在道德上是否有罪(海德格尔,2006)。道德相对主义解构了古典政治伦理的绝对性和形而上学标准,使得古典政治伦理在现代社会日益式微。

道德相对主义给当代中国人带来的是道德滑坡、人的物化、拜金主义和社会道德信仰的崩塌。近年来,频频发生的地沟油事件、毒奶粉事件等各种各样的造假行为,以及裸官事件和官场腐败都到了令人触目惊心的地步,国人已经丧失了最基本的道德底线。如果要防止国人的道德滑坡和崩塌现象进一加剧,重构一种统一的追求至善的价值观和道德信仰势在必行。

西方人的人类中心主义和扩张主义观点自近代以来带来了基督教文明对全世界的征服和掠夺,也间接促进了非西方世界的现代化和发展。但是,地球的资源有限,经济的增长必然存在极限,由于人类对大自然的过度掠夺,大自然已经开始对人类进行报复,生态危机正向我们逼近。在这样的现实语境下,现代人不得不重新思考东方和合文化的内涵与价值。人类作为灵长类动物,只是地球的诸物种之一,如果要实现人类社会的可持续发展,现代人就必须放弃人类的独尊地位和狂妄无知,虚心地与大自然和谐共处。

现代民主政治的弊端正在于宗教和道德彻底地退出了政治生活领域,从而带来了现代人的双重丧失:意义丧失—人生价值的丧失和自由的丧失——道德和宗教信仰的缺乏和异化而失去了内在的精神自由 。 儒家政治伦理是一种古典政治伦理,是一元化和绝对化的伦理思想,即作为整个封建国家和社会所有的阶级和阶层都必须遵循的唯一的形而上学标准和道德规制。

中国政治应该在未来的发展走出“左”与“右”之争而更加强调个体的自由和价值尊严。而儒家“仁”的政治伦理思想恰恰体现了对个体生命的尊重,强调要顺从存在的生命个体所固有之性、情、道而成全之,非以外在于人之道或概念而硬加于民,这完全体现了个体人格之尊严和对个体精神之自由之追求。

我们必须避免对儒学做历史主义的理解,即按照现代人的社会背景和历史条件,按照今人的世界观和方法论,对儒学和儒家政治伦理进行批判和解构,并以历史进步主义的心态、以俯视的姿态对待儒学。五四以来,国人在对待儒家文化和伦理方面,存在着两种经不住严格批判的主张:一是对儒家的权威的反抗;二是对未来的过分乐观。如果我们希望到传统中去寻求教诲,就必须对儒学作非历史主义的理解,即按照儒学的经典作家本人一样如其所是地去理解儒学和儒家伦理思想,对古人的教诲按照绝对主义而非相对主义的方式做出阐释,还儒家政治伦理以本来面目。儒家政治伦理思想作为中国传统政治伦理思想的主流,发展了几千年,包含丰富的政治伦理思想内容,代表了中国文化发展的一个“常道”。在现代语境下,重新梳理儒家政治伦理的内容架构,实现古今和解与对话,有助于重构现代政治的道德基础。

文章提出了一个重要的问题:五四运动和新文化运动是西方文化与中国传统文化发生激烈碰撞与冲突碰撞的典型表现,传统政治伦理与西方政治伦理之间的矛盾与张力日益凸显。最终导致了中华文明和伦理思想发展中的文化断层。在历史上,当儒学在魏晋南北朝时期面临佛教和道教思想的侵蚀时,儒学不但没有走向式微,而是最终融合了道教和佛教的思想从而形成了宋明理学。而近代儒学面临西方基督教文化侵蚀时,为什么却迟迟难以做到对西方文化进行融合而再次复兴呢?究其原因,不得不考虑到以上所提到的现代道德相对主义对中国儒家政治伦理的发展构成的钳制和解构。因为导致儒家政治伦理式微的三个公设: 政教分离、历史进步主义和道德相对主义未必能经受详密的论证和考验。当然儒家政治伦理也存在不足。儒家政治伦理思想没有西方文化中的自由、平等、人权、权利等这些形式概念,没有形成自由的概念和自由的制度架构。