正信的佛教 – 圣严法师的法鼓全集解答群疑

佛教在世界性的各大宗教和思想中,显得非常特殊。凡是宗教,无不信奉神的创造及神的主宰,佛教却是彻底的无神论;唯物思想是无神论的,佛教却又坚决反对唯物论的谬误。佛教似宗教而非宗教,类哲学而又非哲学,通科学而又非科学。这是佛教的最大特点。

佛法的化世救人,自始便以心为主,心即是精神,可用烦恼,智慧两个名词来说明。 烦恼增加则精神混乱,智慧增加则精神清明;若在精神混乱的状态,任你用任何宗教,哲学,科学的手段来处理,都无法解决其问题于永久;但若能得智慧显现,则一切问题,无论是属于物质范围或精神范围,都将迎刃而解。 所以佛陀在世时,对于物质世界的自然现象,不多做解释。例如:世界有边无边,世界有始无始等这些问题,在佛陀看来都与解脱烦恼无关;重要的是如何运用修行的方法来消解烦恼,启发智慧。

此处的智慧不是认识的分别心,而是无执着的自在心。既然心得自在,尚有什么精神或物质的拘限呢?所以佛法不重视诸法现象的探究,而是着重于如何转识成智,否则容易本末倒置,执着幻化的现象以为实体。 心体无形,无相,亦不离形相,科学仅及于现象。现象多变而恒变,所以科学永远不会成为最后的证明,顶多是头痛医头,脚痛医脚的情况下向前努力。

正如老子所说: “生也有涯,知也有涯,以有涯逐无涯,殆矣!” 道家是自然主义者,是属于物质的真正了解者;而佛法认为了解自然也是多余的事。若得心明,自然就在其中;仅仅了解自然而融入自然,也不等于自我中心的执着获得解脱。科学仅及于物质世界的分析和教化,科学的态度当然需要。总而言之,佛法涵盖了科学,而不受科学所限制。

然而,佛教自公元67年左右,由印度传入中国,虽已有了近二千年的历史,中国的整个文化,也都接受了佛教文化的熏陶,佛教的根本精神,却因为民间固有的习俗加上神道怪诞的传说而湮没。故到晚近以来,许多略具新知的人们,竟把佛教看作充满牛鬼蛇神的低级谜信,也以为佛教的存在,不过是旧社会给我们留下了一截尚未蜕化的尾巴而已。

同时随着佛教在全世界的更广泛的传播,也有许多诚心追求无上正等正觉的人们,在学习佛法的过程中都会遇到众多似是而非的困惑,疑问和误区。 圣严法师根据他几十年的实证研究, 并参考了太虚大师及印顺法师的一部分见解,配合时代思想的要求,针对许多浅显而实际重要的问题,在1963-64年期间写下了《正信的佛教》予以解答,为大家指点谜津, 期能帮助读者略窥佛教的真貌。此后的几十年间,鉴于此书多次出版,受到教内外及海内外的巨大欢迎和反馈,读过该书的人又不断向法师求教一些层面更广的问题。 圣严法师慈悲,虽然多年来身体多病,事情繁多,时间太少,体力不济,仍然在百忙中坚持,于1988年写下了《学佛群疑》作为续篇, 以资后学。

佛陀的时代并没有留下成文的经典,最早的经典传诵也不是成文的书籍,而是凭以口传口,代代相传。 另外由于流传的地域越广,时间越长,经典的内容越多,便见有不同的分歧观点。这就是形成部派佛教的原因,之后又渐渐地出现了大乘经典。无论是小乘,大乘的各种经典,均须出于佛教徒中的大修行者所传,而任何一个派系,都认为他们所传的才是真正代表佛说,这便形成了所谓 “部执”的思想。其实佛陀说法的对象有不同程度,人有不同根性,所以接受不同程度及不同修行方法的佛法。这些教法有些互相有出入,彼此矛盾,前后增减。而如果对这些经典全部予以否认,或采取怀疑的态度,便无法使人获得无尽的利益,也就产生不了佛法化世的功效。 如何折衷,取舍? 圣严法师开示认为,佛教界一般以三法印和四依为基准来评判佛法。 三法印指:诸行无常,诸法无我,涅磐寂静。 四依是指:依法不依人,依智不依识,依义不依语,依了义不依不了义。 从三法印的原则看一切经教,就可以过瀘而见到什么是纯佛法;用四依来衡量一切经典,也可极其容易地发现何者是佛法, 是我们可以依据和信赖的佛法。以此标准,即可明辨哪一些是佛的根本教义,哪一些是随顺世俗要求而说的方便教义。

由于圣严法师和法鼓山佛教会的鼎力支持,我们现在都能够在网上查找到 《正信的佛教》,以及《学佛群疑》

此外,圣严法师创办的法鼓山还把他们更多系列的研究心血,和多年的翻译工作成果公之于世,奉献给大众,让更多追求智慧真理的人们受益。 法鼓全集2020纪念版 堪称一百多年来中国大乘佛法信,愿,行的修证成果的总结和写照。 Section 9 of 2020 Edition of Dharma Drum Collection contains several books in English translation of various sutra and meditation guide.

南无阿弥陀佛!感恩圣严法师!感恩法鼓山佛教会的道友们! 感恩众位佛法同参们!

Lotus Sutra (妙法莲华经)- an Introduction

As crises facing humankind have become more numerous and more acute, interest in the Lotus Sutra has begun to increase. Lotus Sutra takes up the main part of Tiantai Threefold Lotus Sutra (法华三部经), which is the composition of three complementary sutras that together form the “three-part Dharma flower sutra“ – the essential doctrine of the Tiantai Lotus Sec ( 天台宗,也叫法华宗). Rev. Nikkyo Niwano (1906-1999) is one of the founders and first presidient of the Japan Buddhist organization Rissho Kosei Kai. He wrote a study guide to the Tiantai Threefold Lotus Sutra and illuminate to people who adhere the teaching of the sutra the many spiritual benefits, among them:

“First, this sutra makes the unawakened bodhisattva aspire to buddhahood, makes a merciless one raise the mind of mercy, makes a homicidal one raise the mind of great compassion, makes a jealous one raise the mind of joy, makes an attached one raise the mind of detachment, makes a miserly one raise the mind of donation, makes an arrogant one raise the mind of keeping the commandments, makes an irascible one raise the mind of perseverance, makes an indolent one raise the mind of assiduity, makes a distracted one raise the mind of meditation, makes an ignorant one raise the mind of wisdom, makes one who lacks concern for saving others raise the mind of saving others, makes one who commits the ten evils raise the mind of the ten virtues, makes one who wishes for existence aspire to the mind of nonexistence, makes one who has an inclination toward apostasy build the mind of non‐retrogression, makes one who commits defiled acts raise the mind of undefilement, and makes one who suffers from delusions raise the mind of detachment. Good sons! This is called the first inconceivable merit‐power of this sutra.”

This sutra dates back almost seventeen centuries. In the mid‐fourth century Kumarajiva (鸠摩罗什 344‐‐413) journeyed from Kucha (龟兹), his homeland in Central Asia, to India for study and there he became learned in the teachings of Mahayana Buddhism. When he had completed his studies and was about to leave India on his mission of carrying the Buddha’s teachings to other countries, his teacher, Suryasoma, recommended the Lotus Sutra to him, telling him to transmit it to the east and disseminate it there. In 401 Kumarajiva finally reached China, where he became an eminent translator of Buddhist scriptures. In the dozen years before his death he translated a number of Mahayana texts into Chinese, and the most important and best known is his elegant translation of the Lotus Sutra.

Following its transmission to China, Buddhism flourished there, producing many distinguished monks. Among all those monks, the great patriarch of the Tientai sect (天台宗, 也叫法华宗), was founded by Zhiyi ( 智顗 538‐‐597), who made an exhaustive study of all the Buddhist scriptures available to him. As a result, he concluded that the core of Shakyamuni Buddha’s teaching is revealed in the Lotus Sutra, and thus in the latter half of his life Master Zhiyi dedicated himself to studying, explaining, and disseminating this sutra.

First, the Lotus Sutra reveals and explains the infinite possibilities open to human beings. People have an infinite capacity for degeneracy if left unawakened and unmindful of discipline, yet at the same time they have an infinite capacity for elevation if they live in accordance with spiritual truth. Today, people are simply falling ever downward. Unless we stop now and think and completely change our way of living, we will certainly destroy ourselves. The Lotus Sutra reveals and explains both the theory and the practice necessary for bringing about such a change. Thinking that there is no answer for human foolishness, we are likely to become deeply depressed. But if, through the Lotus Sutra, we come to the realization that it is possible to change human nature for the better, fresh hope and courage ceaselessly well up in our hearts and minds.

Second, the Lotus Sutra teaches that, since all non‐living and living things, including human beings, are manifestations of the great life‐force of the universe, all of them are equal in terms of the fundamental value of their existence. A view of the world based on this thought naturally gives rise to a basic principle of living that can be stated as follows: “When human beings enjoy coexistence and mutual prosperity, respecting the life‐force inherent in all existences, including themselves, and loving that life‐force completely, great harmony will be achieved in this world. The ultimate happiness of human beings lies in such a state of mind.” People have so far tended to consider all non‐living and living things except themselves as existences at their disposal and have exploited, consumed, and destroyed them at will, and one result of this kind of thinking has been the pollution of nature. If we do not correct our wrongdoing immediately, we cannot be saved. The Lotus Sutra not only makes us keenly aware of these facts but also serves as an always dependable guide to the new way of living necessary for us now and in the future.

As we get into struggles of the 21th century, Master Thich Nhat Hanh (1926-2022) placing the Lotus Sutra in its historical context (around the time when Mahayana Buddhism was just emerging, and had to distinguish itself from non-Mahayana schools, which it terms “Hinayana” or “Lesser Vehicle”), and expounds on how this sutra can be the most important guidance to take the path of Bodhisattva in our modern time, and why this sutra firmly proclaimed that _everyone_ could become a fully enlightened buddha in his writing Opening the Heart of the Cosmo – Insighs on the Lotus Sutra (2003). Shining sixty years of study and practice, Master Thick Nhat Hanh demonstrates the practical and direct applicability of Buddhist teachings to today’s issues, from the Palestinian-Israeli tragedy to the threat of terrorism and the degradation of our environment.

Previously, the primary goal of early Buddhism had been to become a saint (“arhat”), liberated from samsara, with the joy of nirvana, but not an actual buddha oneself. Moreover, this path was restricted to renunciant monks, and not open to everyone. In this sutra, the Buddha proclaims that he taught this as a skillful means, because if he had said right away that people could attain buddhahood, no one would believe it. Now, however, the time being right, and people having understood the basics of the Four Noble Truths, etc., he could give this profound teaching. All the teachings and vehicles (Sravakayana, Pratyekabuddhayana, Bodhisattvayana, etc.) point to the one single vehicle: the buddhayana, the path to full buddhahood for all sentinent beings.

Another greater Master, Venerable Hsuang Hua (1918-1995) had organized Buddhist Text Translation Society (BTTS) since 1970 to translate many important sutras. Among them, the English translation of Lotus Sutra and Venerable Hsuang Hua’s comments, are available to the public on the City of Ten Thousand Buddhas Website. He dedicated his virtuous life to translating sutra, which he considered it his most important duty:

The work of translating the Sutras is sacred work, and it will last for endless generations. We are common people doing the work of sages. Not only is this our duty, it is also very meaningful, for we can benefit others and establish merit. In the past, the kings and emperors used their imperial authority and the strength of the government to carry out the translation of the Sutras. Now we are merely using our strength as ordinary citizens. If we can produce some results, I believe the national leaders will also become involved in this work in the future. Right now, we must first lay a foundation. We must first gather strength among the people.”

天台宗的 两大基本特征是法华思想和观音信仰。南怀瑾先生在《禅宗与道家》一书中指出,“自陈,隋之际开始,经历唐,宋,元,明,清千余年,凡知识分子,士大夫及爱好形而上学的人士,无不从事天台 ‘止观’。” 在下层社会,天台宗流传更为广泛,民间 的“家家念弥陀,户户有观音” 便是真实的写照。 《法华经》综合调停了大小乘经典的派别门户之见的偏颇之处,诱导大小三乘归入唯一佛乘,处处指出,二乘三乘是权非实,唯一佛乘才是究竟。

法华思想把佛与众生放在完全平等的地位上,宣扬只要坚持修善,阐提 (断灭善根的人,Sanskrit: Icchantika ) 亦能成佛。 法华经二十八品中,以第二《方便品》,第十四《安乐行品》,第十六《如来寿量品》,第二十五 《观音普门品》最为重要。 《方便品》是迹门的眼目,迹门为“权”(方便法),本门为“实”(实相理)。 《如来寿量品》是本门的精要,《安乐行品》是法华修行的规范,《观音普门品》是化他无究的应用。根据天台宗的看法,《观音普门品》成了《法华经》的归宿,因为“眼目” 亦好,“精要” 亦好,最后都要落实到应用。

反过来,接受了法华思想和观音信仰,亦就为传播天台宗提供了可能。 因此对于这样一本举足轻重的经典,古往今来都有众多佛教祖师大德研究宣扬《法华经》。 其中现代的,圣严法师著的 《法华经讲要》, 循着原典经文的次第,讲解原典的内容宗旨,脉络分明,一目了然, 又兼融了先贤古德的疏解。圣严法师对每一品的心要,经义所指,于全经的连接位置何在,于整个佛法的修证次第中扮演的角色,都对这本重要的经典予以节要而深入的指点。

While we pay tributes to the great works of these Bodhisattvas, we hope Lotus Sutra shed the light to more and more people in their path to liberation.

We Need a Peaceful Revolution – an Interview with Robert Kennedy Jr.

While China’s harvesting human organ from falungong members is atrocity, Jeffery Epstein, who affliciated with a huge network of high profile elites, involving in the human trafficling crimes sexually abusing under age children horrifying, we are in another gilded age with big corporations dominate our society and international relations in a globalization setting. The general situation is the corrupt merger of the state and corporate power with revolving door between government politicians, government agencies and corporation power. Politicians entering their career with modest income end up millionaires and billionairs after decades in the position. Executives of big corporations got out of size compensations. The corruption had infiltriated mind, body and spirit of modern world. We need a total purification, we need a peaceful revolution from these toxics.

In an interview with UnHerd’s Freddie Sayers, Robert Kennedy Jr. spoke of the traditional liberal Democratic value passed down from his uncle President John Kennedy and his father Senator Robert Kennedy. His father generation had an antipathy and suspicion of war and the military industrial complex. They did not want corporations running the American government. They were completely against censorship. They were against the use of fear as a governing tool, and they spoke out about it often.

Robert Kennedy Jr. had spent forty years litigating against the regulatory agenies in the United States. He spoke of the domination of democratic governments by corporate power as the center of issues. The government regulation started out not strong enough to protect the public interest. Widespread corruptions take advantage of legalizd bribery, as well as illegalized bribery. The rules supervising conflicts of interest are just ignored, systematicaly ignored. We have what they call honest graft and dishonest graft.

The result is a systematically hollowing out the American middle class, through wars, through bank bailouts, through lockdowns, etc. We are just printing money to make billionaires richer. During the COVID lockdown, there was a $4 Trillion shift in wealth fromt the American middle class to this new oligarchy of billionaires. We created 500 new billionaires with a lockdown and the billionaires we already had increased their wealth by 30%. The total cost of the lockdowns was $16 trillion. That is jus one of the assaults.

Then we got the bailout of the Silicon Valley Bank, the War in Ukraine, which is costing us $113 billion. The war in Iraq, and the wars that followed that have cost us $8 trillion. For all those wars we fought, American people bear all the cost and the consequence. That is $24 trillion in total loss! Is it any wonder that we don’t have a middle class left in the Unived States of America? Unless we rebuild the middle class and rebuild our economy, we can not maintain democracy when there are high concentrations of wealth in the same place with widespread proverty.

The political climate become more polarised than ever with good reason. To some extent co-opted by Bill Gates, by the World Economic Forum, and the billionaires’ boys club in Davos in the same way the COVID crisis was appropriated by them, to make themselves richer, to impose totalitarian controls on society. and to stratify our society with a group of very very powerful and wealthy people at the top, and then the vast majority of human beings with very little power, very little sovereignty over their own lives. Every crisis is an opportunity for those forces to clamp down controls.

In the same token, there is a shift from habitat preservation, regenerative farming. We need to reduce carbon, whether you believe in climate change or not. Anywhere there is carbon, there is also mercury, ozone particulates, aluminium, there is all these other kinds of really horrible toxins that come from burning hydrocarbons. What we see is a shift from those concerns, but more towards carbon capture, which can be monetized by the corporations and exploited without seeing any real benefits on the ground. There are also geo-engineering solutions, which Robert Kennedy Jr. oppose. Look at the kind of geoengineering solutions that are being pushed, tends to be by the same group of people who also have IP(patent rights) rights in a lot of those technologies. There is definitely an optic of self-interest and self-serving.

This combination of corporate and government power, which colluded to get farmers to switch over to heavily nitrate fertiliser dependent for farming and chemical dependent farming is very toxic. That was a deliberate systematic and GMO farming. Once you get all the farmers to switch to carbon-based fertilisers and to monocultures, this is a way of corporate power to destroyig small farmers. We want to have democracy, we need a broad ownership of our land by a wide variety of yeoman farmers, each with a stake in our system. As Thomas Jefferson said, wiping out small farmers and giving control of food production to corporation is not in the interest of humanity, and we need to help those farmers transition off the addiction that we imposed upon them in the first place.

With so many important issues going on, vaccine is a issue that for most American, is not on their top list, but they have far reaching consequence.

Examples most egregious of those issue are like the Environmental Protection Agency effectively run by the oil industry, the coal industry and the pesticide industry. The Big Pharma runs FDA – FDA get 50% of its budget from Big Pharma. The CDC spends half of its budget purchasing vaccines, NIH essentially is a incubator for new pharmacetical products. It doesn’t do the basic research people want them to be doing – where diseases, allergic diseases are coming from, autoimmune disease and neurological diseases, why are we seeing this explosion? Those kinds of studies don’t get done. Studies do get done are studies for the pharmaceutical products, and then NIH collects royalties when pharma company sells those product. You have the regulator that is essentially a partner with the regulated industry. Department of Transport is run by the railroads in our country, by the airlines. The banks have utterly corrupted the SEC. Media has corrupted the FEC. That was how pernicious the systems are, particularly polluting corporations, the military industrial complex, the financial industry.

If you want to achieve peace, you got to put yourself in the other guys’ shoes, you have to understand your opponents’ position. Robert Kennedy Jr. spoke of the end of cuba missle crisis happened because President John Kennedy reached out to Khrushchev directly and said, ‘let’s settle this between us’, and their settlement was secret and remain secret for many years. President Kennedy and Khrushchev were both surrounded by people who DID want to go to war.

We don’t want constant war in our country, we can not afford them. The CIA needs to be regoranised in a way. Most of the people who work at the CIA are very good public servants, and we need them to function. But we really need to separate the espionage functions of that agency and the plans division – the division that actually does dirty tricks, kills people, and makes wars that invovles itself in actions because what happens is, that operations tail begins to wag the espionage dog. The information gathering, analysis, that is the function that the CIA was created to perform. From very early on, Allen Dulles, essentially corrupted the purpose of it by getting the CIA invovled in assassinations and fixing elections. CIA has been invovled now in fixing coup d’etats or attempted coup d’etats in about a third of the countries in the world, most of them democracies. So our national policy as a country is to promote democracy. The CIA’s policy has been the opposite.

Where Did the American True Spirit of Democracy Come from?

Pastor John MacArthur said in one of this sermons: ” You do’nt need information about the disappointments in our culture, the disappointments in our world, you don’t need to know that everything is upside down, as in Isaiah Chapter 5, bitter has been swapped with sweet, good has been swapped with bad, and we are living in an inverted and upside down world. But I want to give you a perspective biblically, so you can understand what is going on. The first thing I want to say is, you have to understand this, what is happening in our country and largely in our world, is a Divine Judgement. Mark that in your mind. It is a Divine Judgement. Joe Biden is not in charge of this, God is. “

Pastor MacAuthur continues to say, ” This is the wrath of Abandonment. This is historical as God allow all the nations to go their own way. The history of the world is the history of Nations going their own way and consequently experiencing the wrath of Divine Abandonment. This is what is the view in Romans 1:18. The wrath of God revealed from Heaven against all ungodliness and unrighteousness of men who suppress the truth in unrightenousness. “

Spiritual leader Marianne Williamson spoke of Consciousness, Spirituality and Politics in America on in a presentation with Harvard Divinity School. She reminded people that William Penn, an English writer, religious thinker, and influential Quaker who founded the Province of Pennsylvania during the British colonial era, was an advocate of democracy and religious freedom known for his amicable relations and successful treaties with the Lenape Native Americans who had resided in present-day Pennsylvania prior to European settlements inthe state.